Ethambutol therapy has been associated with minor, transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels, but is a rare cause of clinically apparent acute liver injury. It is usually given in combination with other tuberculosis medications, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. Ethambutol can cause serious vision problems or irreversible vision loss. Ethambutol uses, side effects, substitutes, composition. Any symptoms of vision problem should be reported to the doctor. The ocular toxicity of ethambutol and its relation to dose. This document contains side effect information about ethambutol. Several fdaapproved drug labels may be available for ethambutol hydrochloride. Ethambutol is an antimycobacterial agent that is most commonly used in combination with other drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis 1. Ethambutol hydrochloride is used in combination with at least one other antitb medicine. Ethambutol has been associated with optic neuritis characterized by central and peripheral scotomas, decreases in visual acuity, and constriction of visual fields. Optic neuropathy including optic neuritis or retrobulbar neuritis occurring in association with ethambutol therapy may be characterized by one or more of the following events.
Ethambutol hydrochloride is an antituberculous antitb prescription medicine approved by the u. Myambutol ethambutol side effects, images, uses, dosage. Ethambutol hydrochloride fda label tablet film coated. Managing the side effects of tb drugs penn medicine. He reported 18% of patients receiving high doses of ethambutol, 35 mgkgday had vision loss, whereas only 3.
Aidsinfo provides the following drug label solely as an example of the labels available for ethambutol hydrochloride. Ethambutol is administered, easily absorbed well, and bacteriostatic against m. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Ethambutol optic toxicity is known to be dose related. In particular, ethambutol should be used with caution in children until they are at least 5 years old and capable of reporting symptomatic visual changes accurately. This effect may be related to dose and duration of treatment. Side effects not requiring immediate medical attention. Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction. Jun 17, 2019 ethambutol hydrochloride is an antituberculous antitb prescription medicine approved by the u. Ethambutol definition of ethambutol by the free dictionary.
Ethambutol efficacy and toxicity service temporarily down world. Patients who cannot understand warnings about visual side effects should, if possible, be given an alternative drug. Along with its needed effects, ethambutol the active ingredient contained in myambutol may cause some unwanted. Some of the dosage forms listed on this page may not apply to the brand name myambutol for the consumer.
Sideeffects may include headache, stomach upset, nausea, loss of appetite, liver diseases, abdominal pain, few allergic reactions, etc. Ethambutol fda prescribing information, side effects and. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Ethambutol has poor csf penetration, even in the setting of inflammation. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about. Find information about common, infrequent and rare side effects of ethambutol oral. Guidelines for the management of adverse drug effects of. Instruct patient and familycaregivers to report other troublesome side effects such as severe or prolonged headache, fever, or gi problems nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain. You may report side effects to health canada at 18662342345. Disseminated mac, prophylaxis offlabel as adult, 15 mgkg po qday combined with other drugs. Find patient medical information for ethambutol oral on webmd including its uses, side effects and safety, interactions, pictures, warnings and user ratings. Patients with decreased renal function need the dosage reduced as determined by serum levels of myambutol, since the main path of excretion of this drug is by the kidneys. The side effects and interactions of antituberculosis drugs.
Ethambutol emb, e is a medication primarily used to treat tuberculosis. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Common side effects include problems with vision, joint pain, nausea, headaches, and feeling. Ethambutol emb is a widely used agent in the treatment of tubercular and nontubercular mycobacterial disease.
Pharmacist heather dodson, pharmd overviews the uses and common side effects of ethambutol, a prescription medication used to treat tuberculosis tb. Pdf ocular side effects of antitubercular drugs a focus on. Ethambutol is a commonly used antituberculous medications. Ethambutol 800 mg tablet uses, dosage, side effects. Ethambutol is used with other medications to treat tuberculosis tb. It should be taken with other medicines to prevent the spread of infection. It is on the world health organizations list of essential medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. Ethambutol oral myambutol side effects, medical uses, and.
Pdf documents can be viewed with the free adobe reader. Aug 01, 1987 ethambutol hydrochloride has been used in the treatment of tuberculosis for 25 years. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. This medicine is never used alone, but always with another medicine.
Ethambutol hydrochloride uses, side effects aidsinfo. The prognosis for vision restoration is unpredictable, with the. Drug information on ethambutol hydrochloride for patients and consumers. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Ethambutol hydrochloride drug bnf content published. Myambutol ethambutol hydrochloride is not recommended for use in pediatric patients under thirteen years of age since safe conditions for use have not been established. It is also used as part of a combination regimen in the therapy of mycobacterium avium complex infections in patients with or without concomitant infection with hiv the american thoracic society ats, united states centers for disease. Ethambutol side effects optic neuritis read small print daily if blurry vision occurs 2 days in a row, stop the ethambutol immediately and go see your opthalmologist as soon as possible blurry vision can also occur with cataracts, but dont just assume the vision changes are due to cataracts property of presenter not for. Ethambutol is an established drug for the treatment of tuberculosis, but has significant side effects, notably optic neuropathy. Myambutol ethambutol hydrochloride dose, indications.
Ethambutol is a first line but adjunctive antituberculosis medication which is used only in combination with other agents such as isoniazid and rifampin. Ethambutol drug interactions may produce additive cns effects when administered with isoniazid combination therapy with tb drugs increases risk of hepatotoxicity. Suspension as a manufactured special unlicensed medicine. Remembering to take myambutol ethambutol daily over a long period of time and with other medicines can be difficult. Before taking ethambutol, tell your doctor or pharmacist if. There is a concern that toxicity may develop in children too young to report early visual symptoms. Isoniazid is a prodrug and must be activated by the m.
Myambutol ethambutol dosing, indications, interactions. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your. Its only important adverse effect, retrobulbar neuritis, is thought to be a minor concern with conventional dosages. Ethambutol is an antimycobacterial agent that is most commonly used in combination with other drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis. Ethambutol uses, side effects, substitutes, composition and. Inclusion or absence of a drug label on the aidsinfo site does not imply endorsement or lack thereof by aidsinfo. What is the most important information i should know about ethambutol myambutol. Adverse effects of antituberculosis drugs or drug interactions among. Before taking ethambutol, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it. See what others have said about ethambutol, including the effectiveness, ease of use and side effects. Ethambutol hydrochloride drug bnfc content published. Ethambutol hydrochloride drug bnf content published by nice.
Pdf given the increasing prevalence of tuberculosis, antitubercular drugs frequently used are also associated with ocular toxicity. Side effects may include headache, stomach upset, nausea, loss of appetite, liver diseases, abdominal pain, few allergic reactions, etc. Despite the possible drug interactions and side effects of rifamycins, a 3drug regimen containing clarithromycin. Ethambutol is also contraindicated in patients who are unable to appreciate and report visual side effects or changes in vision i.
Pdf on sep 1, 2010, marcos arbex and others published antituberculosis drugs. Ethambutol is an antibiotic and works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Nausea vomiting hands and legs with numb, tingling sensation or pain report if you have a history of liver or kidney problems notify the nurse immediately if you have vision changes or have difficulty in determining colors isoniazid possible side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away.
The drug is regarded as the least toxic of the firstline antituberculosis drugs, with a low incidence of ocular toxicity. Along with its needed effects, ethambutol the active ingredient contained in myambutol may cause some unwanted effects. After about 7 months i suffer from side efects of the drug, my right eyes is blurred and i feel numbness in the feet. Nov 09, 2018 ethambutol side effects get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction.
Myambutol ethambutol works well to treat or prevent mycobacterial infections, but has to be combined with other medicines and taken for a long period of time. In canada call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Overdosing on ethambutol can cause serious health and eye problems primarily affecting the vision leading to sometimes irreparable vision loss. Ethambutol hydrochloride tablets 100 mg and 400 mg description myambutol ethambutol hydrochloride is an oral chemotherapeutic agent which is specifically effective against actively growing microorganisms of the genus mycobacterium, including m. Patients should report vision changes all other tb pre test. Ethambutol oral myambutol side effects, medical uses. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. The author presents four cases of serious visual impairment due to ethambutol therapy. It is also used as part of a combination regimen in the therapy of mycobacterium avium complex infections in patients with or without concomitant infection with hiv 1. Form dph04328hw revised 102016 ethambutol possible side effects. Myambutol may produce decreases in visual acuity, including irreversible blindness, which appear to be due to optic neuritis.
Ethambutol hcl is contraindicated in patients who are unable to appreciate and report visual side effects or changes in vision e. Ethambutol hcl may produce decreases in visual acuity which appear to be due to optic neuritis. Some side effects of ethambutol may occur that usually do not need medical attention. Management of medication side effects and toxicities. Side effects requiring immediate medical attention. It needs to be detected early and medication stopped promptly to avoid irreversible. Ethambutol is believed to work by interfering with the bacterias metabolism.
Food and drug administration fda for the treatment of active tuberculosis tb of the lungs. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is. Ethambutol is illadvised for use in children below the age of. Ethambutol 800 mg tablet is an antitubercular medicine which helps to treat tuberculosis and reduces the spread of infection. Jan 09, 2014 pharmacist heather dodson, pharmd overviews the uses and common side effects of ethambutol, a prescription medication used to treat tuberculosis tb. Patients who cannot understand warnings about visual sideeffects should, if possible, be given an alternative drug. I am on tb therapy and the doctor prescribes ethambutol 1200 mg and isoniazid 400 mg. Leibold first described the dose dependent nature of ethambutols toxicity in the 1960s. Ethambutol hydrochloride drug bnfc content published by nice. Our myambutol ethambutol side effects drug center provides a comprehensive view of available drug information on the potential side effects when taking this medication. Contraindicated with optic neuritis headache, dizzy, numbness, tingling, optic neuritis, malaise, itching, joint pain. Anti tubercular drugs, ethambutol, ocular side effects. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Find information on ethambutol myambutol in daviss drug guide including dosage, side effects, interactions, nursing implications, mechanism of action, half life, administration, and more.
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